Научные книги (по физике, химии, математике и др. наукам)

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Microtectonics

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Author: Cees W. Passchier, Rudolph A. J. Trouw
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2005
Volume: XVI
Pages: 366
Illustrations: 322
ISBN: 3-540-64003-7
Language: English
Filetype: Adobe PDF
Filesize: 31.8 Mb (CD нет!)

Written for: Scientists, researchers, lecturers, graduates, libraries.

Microtectonics deals with the interpretation of microstructures, small-scale deformation structures in rocks that yield abundant information on the history and type of deformation and metamorphism. The results are used by geologists to obtain data for large-scale geological interpretations. This advanced textbook treats common microstructures such as foliations, porphyroblasts, veins, fringes and shear sense indicators. The book mainly focusses on optical microscopy as a tool to study microstructures, but also describes other techniques such as EBSD and tomography. Many photographs and explanatory drawings clarify the text. The new edition, substantially revised throughout and extended, features two new chapters (primary structures and experimental microstructures), 68 new figures, more than 800 new references and a CD with color photos, images, and animations, exercises and questions as well as a glossary. Microtectonics has proven useful for self study of microstructures and as a manual for short- and one-semester courses.

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The Art of Writing Reasonable Organic Reaction Mechanisms

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Author: Robert B. Grossman
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2003 (Corrected at 2006)
Volume: XVI
Pages: 355
Illustrations: 34
ISBN: 0-387-95468-6
Language: English
Filetype: Adobe PDF
Filesize: 5.06 Mb

Written for: Undergraduate and graduate students.

Intended for students of intermediate organic chemistry, this text shows how to write a reasonable mechanism for an organic chemical transformation. The discussion is organized by types of mechanisms and the conditions under which the reaction is executed, rather than by the overall reaction as is the case in most textbooks. The treatment emphasizes unifying principles, showing how common mechanisms link seemingly disparate reactions. Each chapter discusses common mechanistic pathways and suggests practical tips for drawing them. Worked problems are included in the discussion of each mechanism, and "common error alerts" are scattered throughout the text to warn readers about pitfalls and misconceptions that bedevil students. Each chapter is capped by a large problem set.

The author has drawn on his own research and the current literature to ensure that appropriate attention is given to topics across the range of modern organic chemistry. The text is unique in its inclusion of a chapter on reactions mediated or catalyzed by transition metals, an area in which mechanistic understanding is now essential. Relatively new topics such as olefin metathesis and cycloaromatization are covered without giving short shrift to more traditional areas such as carbonyl chemistry. The text assumes a basic knowledge of organic chemistry. It can be used either in a formal course or by students working on their own, and will be particularly useful for graduate students studying for qualifying examinations. It will also be useful to students and researchers in biochemistry, pharmacology, and inorganic chemistry."This is an excellent and well-presented work.... The author ... has succeeded well in treating the central ideas of reactivity and selectivity in an integrated whole. The clear style of writing, the well chosen examples, and the ... concise summaries of the main points provided at the end of each chapter should enable the reader to easily consolidate what has been learned.... The book is indeed a little work of art."

-- Jens Hartung, Angewandte Chemie International Edition



"I have taught a one-credit course with this book for three years, and, uniformly, the students have rated this book highly for its clarity and for the scope of the problems. ... This book does an excellent job at its stated goal: 'to teach students to come up with reasonable mechanisms for reactions they have never seen before.'"

-- Amy Howell, Synthesis



"I have just finished my first year of graduate studies in organic chemistry at Duke University. I just wanted to let you know how much your book got me through the past year of course work.... When it came to mechanisms, I found the clarity and thoroughness I needed only in your book. It was impressive how you were able to present so much information in a clear and comprehensive manner yet keep the book so manageable in size. In addition to the text, I also was able to benefit from the problems.... Great practice!! The on-line answers are much better than looking up answers by reference.... I am reading it again this summer in preparation for my preliminary exam next spring."

-- David Gooden

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Waves and Compressible Flow

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Author: Hilary Ockendon, John R. Ockendon
Publisher: Springer
Series: Texts in Applied Mathematics, Vol. 47
Year: 2004
Volume: IX
Pages: 188
Illustrations: 60
ISBN: 0-387-40399-X
Language: English
Filetype: Adobe PDF
Filesize: 1.01 Mb

Written for: Researchers, graduate students

This book covers compressible flow however the authors also show how wave phenomena in electromagnetism and solid mechanics can be treated using similar mathematical methods. It caters to the needs of the modern student by providing the tools necessary for a mathematical analysis of most kinds of waves liable to be encountered in modern science and technology. At the same time emphasis is laid on the physical background and modeling that requires these tools.

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Thermal Analysis of Polymeric Materials

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Author: Bernhard Wunderlich
Publisher: Springer
Series:
Year: 2005
Volume: XVI
Pages: 894
Illustrations: 947
ISBN: 3-540-23629-5
Language: English
Filetype: Adobe PDF
Filesize: 11.7 Mb

Written for: Last-year undergraduate students and graduate students, as well as postdoctoral researchers who want to enter this growing field; manufacturers of thermal analysis equipment.

Thermal Analysis of Polymeric Materials systematically treats macroscopic measurements by thermal analysis and the quantitative link to microscopic, molecular structure and mobility. Reversible and irreversible thermodynamics, kinetics, quantum mechanics, and statistical thermodynamics are the roots of the described thermal analysis. The book aims to broaden readers’ understanding of materials and the connection of flexible macromolecules (polymers) to small molecules and rigid macromolecules (minerals, salts, and metals). An effort is made to discover how the long, flexible molecules fit into their small phases which are characterized as microphases or nanophases. Their order ranges from amorphous to mesophase-like and crystalline. Ultimately, it is shown that the basic structure-property-processing triangle is connected to the better-known types of molecules and their common macroscopic phases.

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Theory of Point Estimation

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Author: E.L. Lehmann, George Casella.
Publisher: Springer
Series: Springer Texts in Statistics
Year: 1998 (Corr. 4th printing, 2003)
Volume: XXVI
Pages: 589
Illustrations:
ISBN: 0-387-98502-6
Language: English
Filetype: Adobe PDF
Filesize: 2.93 Mb

Written for: Graduate students, researchers.

This second, much enlarged edition by Lehmann and Casella of Lehmann's classic text on point estimation maintains the outlook and general style of the first edition. All of the topics are updated. An entirely new chapter on Bayesian and hierarchical Bayesian approaches is provided, and there is much new material on simultaneous estimation. Each chapter concludes with a Notes section which contains suggestions for further study. The book is a companion volume to the second edition of Lehmann's "Testing Statistical Hypotheses". E.L. Lehmann is Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the recipient of honorary degrees from the University of Leiden, The Netherlands, and the University of Chicago. George Casella is the Liberty Hyde Bailey Professor of Biological Statistics in The College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University. Casella has served as associate editor of The American Statistician, Statistical Science and JASA. He is currently the Theory and Methods Editor of JASA. Casella has authored two other textbooks (Statistical Inference, 1990, with Roger Berger and Variance Components, 1992, with Shayle A. Searle and Charles McCulloch). He is a fellow of the IMS and ASA, and an elected fellow of the ISI. Also available: E.L. Lehmann, Testing Statistical Hypotheses Second Edition, Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., ISBN 0-387-949194.

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The Science of Paintings

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Author: W. STANLEY TAFT JR., JAMES W. MAYER
Publisher: Springer
Series:
Year: 2001
Volume: XI
Pages: 236
Illustrations: 199 (33 in color)
ISBN: 0-387-98502-6
Language: English
Filetype: Adobe PDF
Filesize: 4.38 Mb

Written for: Undergraduates.

One's appreciation of a beautiful painting is enhanced by knowing about the aesthetic choices the artist made in composition and execution of the painting. It is also enhanced by knowing how the artist's selection and use of materials - and their interplay with light - affects what we see in the painting. This book discusses the physics and materials science that go into making a painting appear the way it does: the physical principles behind the colors one sees in paintings and how they change with illumination; the pigments, binders, varnish, and support materials used in both old and modern paintings; the optics and microscopic structure of paint films; and the various physical and chemical methods used to investigate and authenticate paintings. Chapters on dating, binders, and dendochronology are contributed by experts in the respective fields. Based on courses given at Cornell and Arizona, the treatment requires no prior knowledge of physics or chemistry. The insights gained from this book can help the amateur or connoisseur and also the artist understand the advantages and limitations of materials used in paintings, and it can help the historian and conservator authenticate and preserve works of art. An instructor's manual with problems and sample examinations is available.

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Riverbank Filtration: Improving Source-Water Quality

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Author: Ray, C.; Melin, G.; Linsky, R.B. (Eds.)
Publisher: Kluwer
Series: Water Science and Technology Library
Year: 2003
Volume: 43
Pages: 396
Illustrations:
ISBN: 1-4020-1133-4
Language: English
Filetype: Adobe PDF
Filesize: 23.4 Mb

Written for: Researchers with an interest in riverbank filtration, drinking-water and water quality working at Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geography departments, Consulting engineers, regulators, water utility managers and planners, working at consultancies, governmental agencies and professional associations. Suitable for use as a textbook in both undergraduate and graduate courses.

This book describes the current and state-of-the-art applications of RBF technology as currently practised in two continents. No other resource like it exists. Its purpose is to show that RBF is a low-cost and efficient alternative water treatment process for drinking-water applications.

Audience:
This book is aimed at researchers with an interest in riverbank filtration, drinking-water and water quality working at Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geography departments. It can also be used as a professional reference for consulting engineers, regulators, water utility managers and planners, working at consultancies, governmental agencies and professional associations.

In addition it is suitable for use as a textbook in both undergraduate and graduate courses.

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Random Number Generation and Monte Carlo Methods

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Author: James H. Gentle
Publisher: Springer
Series: Statistics and Computing
Year: 2003, (Corr. 2nd printing 2005)
Volume: XV
Pages: 300
Illustrations:
ISBN: 0-387-00178-6
Language: English
Filetype: Adobe PDF
Filesize: 3.18 Mb

Written for: Graduate students, researchers.

Monte Carlo simulation has become one of the most important tools in all fields of science. Simulation methodology relies on a good source of numbers that appear to be random. These "pseudorandom" numbers must pass statistical tests just as random samples would. Methods for producing pseudorandom numbers and transforming those numbers to simulate samples from various distributions are among the most important topics in statistical computing. This book surveys techniques of random number generation and the use of random numbers in Monte Carlo simulation. The book covers basic principles, as well as newer methods such as parallel random number generation, nonlinear congruential generators, quasi Monte Carlo methods, and Markov chain Monte Carlo. The best methods for generating random variates from the standard distributions are presented, but also general techniques useful in more complicated models and in novel settings are described. The emphasis throughout the book is on practical methods that work well in current computing environments. The book includes exercises and can be used as a test or supplementary text for various courses in modern statistics. It could serve as the primary test for a specialized course in statistical computing, or as a supplementary text for a course in computational statistics and other areas of modern statistics that rely on simulation. The book, which covers recent developments in the field, could also serve as a useful reference for practitioners. Although some familiarity with probability and statistics is assumed, the book is accessible to a broad audience. The second edition is approximately 50% longer than the first edition. It includes advances in methods for parallel random number generation, universal methods for generation of nonuniform variates, perfect sampling, and software for random number generation. The material on testing of random number generators has been expanded to include a discussion of newer software for testing, as well as more discussion about the tests themselves. The second edition has more discussion of applications of Monte Carlo methods in various fields, including physics and computational finance. James Gentle is University Professor of Computational Statistics at George Mason University. During a thirteen-year hiatus from academic work before joining George Mason, he was director of research and design at the world's largest independent producer of Fortran and C general-purpose scientific software libraries. These libraries implement several random number generators, and are widely used in Monte Carlo studies. He is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association and a member of the International Statistical Institute. He has held several national offices in the American Statistical Association and has served as an associate editor for journals of the ASA as well as for other journals in statistics and computing. Recent activities include serving as program director of statistics at the National Science Foundation and as research fellow at the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

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Models of the Atomic Nucleus

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Author: Norman D. Cook
Publisher: Springer
Series:
Year: 2006
Volume: XI
Pages: 288
Illustrations: 152 (56 in color)
ISBN: 3-540-28569-5
Language: English
Filetype: Adobe PDF
Filesize: 6.37 Mb (CD как обычно нет)

Written for: Students in physics and chemistry, lecturers.

This book-and-CD-software package supplies users with an interactive experience for nuclear visualization via a computer-graphical interface, similar in principle to the molecular visualizations already available in chemistry. Models of the Atomic Nucleus, a largely non-technical introduction to nuclear theory, explains the nucleus in a way that makes nuclear physics as comprehensible as chemistry or cell biology. The book/software supplements virtually any of the current textbooks in nuclear physics by providing a means for 3D visual display of the diverse models of nuclear structure. For the first time, an easy-to-master software for scientific visualization of the nucleus makes this notoriously "non-visual" field become immediately ‘visible.’ After a review of the basics, the book explores and compares the competing models, and addresses how the lattice model best resolves remaining controversies. The appendix explains how to obtain the most from the software provided on the accompanying CD.

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Advanced Visual Quantum Mechanics

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Author: Bernd Thaller
Publisher: Springer
Series: Visual Quantum Mechanics
Year: 2005
Volume: XI
Pages: 508
Illustrations: 103
ISBN: 0-387-20777-5
Language: English
Filetype: Adobe PDF
Filesize: 4.60 Mb (CD как обычно нет)

Written for: undergraduates in Quantum Physics.

Visual Quantum Mechanics is a systematic effort to investigate and to teach quantum mechanics with the aid of computer-generated animations. Although it is self-contained, this book is part of a two-volume set on Visual Quantum Mechanics. The first book appeared in 2000, and earned the European Academic Software Award in 2001 for oustanding innovation in its field. While topics in book one mainly concerned quantum mechanics in one- and two-dimensions, book two sets out to present three-dimensional systems, the hydrogen atom, particles with spin, and relativistic particles. Together the two volumes constitute a complete course in quantum mechanics that places an emphasis on ideas and concepts, with a fair to moderate amount of mathematical rigor.

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Visual quantum mechanics

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Name: Visual Quantum Mechanics: Selected Topics with Computer-Generated Animations of Quantum-Mechanical Phenomena
Author: Bernd Thaller
Publisher: Springer
Series: Visual Quantum Mechanics
Year: 2000. (Corr. 2nd printing 2002)
Volume: XI
Pages: 314
Illustrations: 79 (27 in color)
ISBN: 0-387-98929-3
Language: English
Filetype: Adobe PDF
Filesize: 3.4 Mb (CD как обычно нет)

Written for: Upper-division and graduate students, professionals and researchers, general audience.

The use of visualization techniques greatly enhances the understanding of quantum mechanics as it allows us to depict phenomena that cannot be seen by any other means. "Visual Quantum Mechanics" uses the computer generated animations found on the accompanying CD-ROM to introduce, motivate, and illustrate the concepts explained in the book. For example, by watching QuickTime movies of the solutions of Schroedinger's equation, students will be able to develop a feeling for the behavior of quantum mechanical systems that cannot be gained by conventional means. While there are other books on the market that use Mathematica and Maple to teach quantum mechanics, this book differs in that the text describes the mathematical and physical ideas of quantum mechanics in the conventional manner, with no special emphasis on computational physics or the requirement that the reader know a symbolic computation package or Mathematica. In this book, instead, the computer is used to provide easy access to a large collection of animated illustrations, interactive pictures, and lots of supplementary materials. "Visual Quantum Mechanics" takes a mathematical rather than a physical approach to quantum mechanics, and includes results more typical in more advanced books but which are more comprehensible via visualization. Despite the presentations of advanced results, the book requires only calculus, and the book will fill the gap between classical quantum mechanics texts and mathematically advanced books. The book will have a home page at the author's institution (Для просмотра ссылки Войди или Зарегистрируйся) which will include supplementary material, exercises and solutions, additional animations, and links to other sites with quantum mechanical visualization. This book along with its accompanying CD-ROM, which contains over 300 digital movies, form a complete introductory course on spinless particles in one and two dimensions. There is a second book in development which will cover such topics as spherical symmetry in three dimensions, the hydrogen atom, scattering theory and resonances, periodic potentials, particles with spin, an relativistic problems (the Dirac equation).

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Computational Genome Analysis: An Introduction

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Name: Computational Genome Analysis: An Introduction
Author: Richard C. Deonier, Simon Tavaré, Michael S. Waterman
Publisher: Springer
Series:
Year: 2005. (Corr. 2nd printing 2006)
Volume: XX
Pages: 535
Illustrations: 117 (15 in color)
ISBN: 0-387-98785-1
Language: English
Filetype: Adobe PDF
Filesize: 5.99 Mb

Written for: Advanced undergraduate and graduate students.

Computational Genome Analysis: An Introduction presents the foundations of key problems in computational molecular biology and bioinformatics. It focuses on computational and statistical principles applied to genomes, and introduces the mathematics and statistics that are crucial for understanding these applications. The book is appropriate for a one-semester course for advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate students, and it can also introduce computational biology to computer scientists, mathematicians, or biologists who are extending their interests into this exciting field.

This book features:

Topics organized around biological problems, such as sequence alignment and assembly, DNA signals, analysis of gene expression, and human genetic variation

Presentation of fundamentals of probability, statistics, and algorithms

Implementation of computational methods with numerous examples based upon the R statistics package

Extensive descriptions and explanations to complement the analytical development

More than 100 illustrations and diagrams (some in color) to reinforce concepts and present key results from the primary literature

Exercises at the end of chapters

Michael S. Waterman is a University Professor, a USC Associates Chair in Natural Sciences, and Professor of Biological Sciences, Computer Science, and Mathematics at the University of Southern California. A member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Professor Waterman is Founding Editor and Co-Editor in Chief of the Journal of Computational Biology. His research has focused on computational analysis of molecular sequence data. His best-known work is the co-development of the local alignment Smith-Waterman algorithm, which has become the foundational tool for database search methods. His interests have also encompassed physical mapping, as exemplified by the Lander-Waterman formulas, and genome sequence assembly using an Eulerian path method.

Simon Tavaré holds the George and Louise Kawamoto Chair in Biological Sciences and is a Professor of Biological Sciences, Mathematics, and Preventive Medicine at the University of Southern California. Professor Tavaré's research lies at the interface between statistics and biology, specifically focusing on problems arising in molecular biology, human genetics, population genetics, molecular evolution, and bioinformatics. His statistical interests focus on stochastic computation. Among the applications are linkage disequilibrium mapping, stem cell evolution, and inference in the fossil record. Dr. Tavaré is also a professor in the Department of Oncology at the University of Cambridge, England, where his group concentrates on cancer genomics.

Richard C. Deonier is Professor Emeritus in the Molecular and Computational Biology Section of the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Southern California. Originally trained as a physical biochemist, His major research has been in areas of molecular genetics, with particular interests in physical methods for gene mapping, bacterial transposable elements, and conjugative plasmids. During 30 years of active teaching, he has taught chemistry, biology, and computational biology at both the undergraduate and graduate levels.

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Applied Multivariate Analysis

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Name: Applied Multivariate Analysis
Author: Neil H. Timm
Publisher: Springer
Series: Springer Texts in Statistics
Year: 2002
Volume: XXIV
Pages: 693
Illustrations: 19
ISBN: 0-387-95347-7
Language: English
Filetype: Adobe PDF
Filesize: 3.08 Mb

Written for: Graduate students, researchers.

This textbook provides a broad overview of the basic theory and methods of applied multivariate analysis. The presentation integrates both theory and practice including both the analysis of formal linear multivariate models and exploratory data analysis techniques. Each chapter contains the development of basic theoretical results with numerous applications illustrated using examples from the social and behavioral sciences, and other disciplines. All examples are analyzed using SAS for Windows Version 8.0. The book includes an overview of vectors, matrices, multivariate distribution theory, and multivariate linear models. Topics discussed include multivariate regression, multivariate analysis of variance for fixed and mixed models, seemingly unrelated regression models and repeated measurement models. While standard procedures for estimating model parameters and testing multivariate hypotheses, as well as simultaneous test procedures, are discussed and illustrated in the text, the text also includes tests of multivariate normality with chi-square and beta plots, tests of multivariate nonadditivity, tests of covariance structure, tests of nonnested hypotheses, and the assessment of model assumptions. Other topics illustrated in the text include discriminant and classification analysis, principal component analysis, canonical correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, cluster analysis, multidimension scaling, and structural equation modeling. The text should appeal to practitioners, researchers, and applied statisticians. It may be used in a one-semester course in applied multivariate analysis for practitioners and researchers, or as a two-semester course for majors in applied statistics. Because most data analyzed in the social and behavioral sciences and other disciplines involve many continuous variables, the techniques and examples. SAS programs for this book are available on the Springer website.

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Applied Probability

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Name: Applied Probability
Author: Kenneth Lange
Publisher: Springer
Series: Springer Texts in Statistics
Year: 2003. (Corr. 2nd printing 2005)
Volume: XII
Pages: 307
Illustrations: 8
ISBN: 0-387-00425-4
Language: English
Filetype: Adobe PDF
Filesize: 2.12 Mb

Written for: Graduate students, researchers.

This textbook on applied probability is intended for graduate students in applied mathematics, biostatistics, computational biology, computer science, physics, and statistics. It presupposes knowledge of multivariate calculus, linear algebra, ordinary differential equations, and elementary probability theory. Given these prerequisites, Applied Probability presents a unique blend of theory and applications, with special emphasis on mathematical modeling, computational techniques, and examples from the biological sciences. Chapter 1 reviews elementary probability and provides a brief survey of relevant results from measure theory. Chapter 2 is an extended essay on calculating expectations. Chapter 3 deals with probabilistic applications of convexity, inequalities, and optimization theory. Chapters 4 and 5 touch on combinatorics and combinatorial optimization. Chapters 6 through 11 present core material on stochastic processes. If supplemented with appropriate sections from Chapters 1 and 2, there is sufficient material here for a traditional semester-long course in stochastic processes covering the basics of Poisson processes, Markov chains, branching processes, martingales, and diffusion processes. Finally, Chapters 12 and 13 develop the Chen-Stein method of Poisson approximation and connections between probability and number theory. Kenneth Lange is Professor of Biomathematics and Human Genetics and Chair of the Department of Human Genetics at the UCLA School of Medicine. He has held appointments at the University of New Hampshire, MIT, Harvard, and the University of Michigan. While at the University of Michigan, he was the Pharmacia & Upjohn Foundation Professor of Biostatistics. His research interests include human genetics, population modeling, biomedical imaging, computational statistics, and applied stochastic processes. Springer-Verlag published his books Numerical Analysis for Statisticians and Mathematical and Statistical Methods for Genetic Analysis Second Edition, in 1999 and 2002, respectively.

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Continuous System Simulation

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Name: Continuous System Simulation
Author: François E. Cellier, Ernesto Kofman
Publisher: Springer
Series:
Year: 2006
Volume: XXI
Pages: 643
Illustrations: 284
ISBN: 0-387-26102-8
Language: English
Filetype: Adobe PDF
Filesize: 4.44 Mb

Written for: Graduate students, electrical engineers, mechanical engineers and computer scientists.

Continuous System Simulation describes systematically and methodically how mathematical models of dynamic systems, usually described by sets of either ordinary or partial differential equations possibly coupled with algebraic equations, can be simulated on a digital computer.

Modern modeling and simulation environments relieve the occasional user from having to understand how simulation really works. Once a mathematical model of a process has been formulated, the modeling and simulation environment compiles and simulates the model, and curves of result trajectories appear magically on the user’s screen. Yet, magic has a tendency to fail, and it is then that the user must understand what went wrong, and why the model could not be simulated as expected.

Continuous System Simulation is written by engineers for engineers, introducing the partly symbolical and partly numerical algorithms that drive the process of simulation in terms that are familiar to simulation practitioners with an engineering background, and yet, the text is rigorous in its approach and comprehensive in its coverage, providing the reader with a thorough and detailed understanding of the mechanisms that govern the simulation of dynamical systems.

Continuous System Simulation is a highly software-oriented text, based on MATLAB. Homework problems, suggestions for term project, and open research questions conclude every chapter to deepen the understanding of the student and increase his or her motivation.

Continuous System Simulation is the first text of its kind that has been written for an engineering audience primarily. Yet due to the depth and breadth of its coverage, the book will also be highly useful for readers with a mathematics background. The book has been designed to accompany senior and graduate students enrolled in a simulation class, but it may also serve as a reference and self-study guide for modeling and simulation practitioners.

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